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Indigenous Culture and History of the Monterey Bay Region
The Monterey Bay region has been home to Indigenous peoples for thousands of years — the Rumsen, Esselen, Ohlone, and Awaswas-speaking tribes lived along the coast and inland valleys before Spanish missionization. Today, the Amah Mutsun and Ohlone-Costanoan Esselen Nation continue active cultural and land-stewardship work.
Today: Amah Mutsun Tribal Band and Ohlone-Costanoan Esselen Nation lead cultural revival
Respect: Cultural sites are sacred — never collect artifacts; report any to State Parks
Mission impact: Spanish missions Carmel (1771) and Santa Cruz (1791) forcibly relocated and decimated populations
Where to learn: Carmel Mission Basilica Museum, Mission Santa Cruz, Pacific Grove Museum exhibits
Original peoples: Rumsen, Esselen, Awaswas, and Ohlone-speaking tribes Discover the rich indigenous culture and history of the Monterey Bay Region, where ancient traditions, stunning landscapes, and vibrant communities converge.
